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CI/CD

问题​

Python 项目如何搭建 CI/CD 流水线？

答案​

GitHub Actions​

.github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        python-version: ["3.11", "3.12"]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install uv
        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v4

      - name: Set up Python
        run: uv python install ${{ matrix.python-version }}

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: uv sync --all-extras

      - name: Lint
        run: uv run ruff check .

      - name: Type check
        run: uv run mypy src/

      - name: Test
        run: uv run pytest --cov=src --cov-report=xml

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4

Docker 部署​

Dockerfile
# 多阶段构建
FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./

RUN pip install uv && uv sync --frozen --no-dev

# 运行阶段
FROM python:3.12-slim

WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/.venv /app/.venv
COPY src/ ./src/

ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"

EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["uvicorn", "src.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

部署流水线​

常见面试问题​

Q1: Python Docker 镜像优化技巧？​

答案：

  1. 多阶段构建：分离构建和运行，减小镜像体积
  2. slim 基础镜像：python:3.12-slim 比 python:3.12 小很多
  3. 利用缓存层：先 COPY 依赖文件，再 COPY 代码
  4. .dockerignore：排除 .venv、__pycache__、.git

Q2: 如何做 zero-downtime 部署？​

答案：

  1. 健康检查：新容器通过健康检查后再切换流量
  2. 滚动更新：Kubernetes 滚动更新、Docker Compose --update-order
  3. 优雅关闭：捕获 SIGTERM，等待进行中的请求完成

相关链接​